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 * Arctic/Subartic Regions**

Time Period: 20th century The Artic people, formanly known as Eskimos, are now known as the Inuits. Subartic people have more than one tribe in their area. The Dogrib, The Slavey, and The Beavers are tribes in the Subartic region. **ARTIC AND SUBARTIC HOUSING** ARTIC AND SUBARTIC RELIGION
 * The Artic people made tents, igloos, and inuvialuit houses.
 * The Subartic people made lean-tos and pit houses.


 * The Inuit people believed in **animism** : all living and non-living things had a spirit. That included people, animals, inanimate objects, and forces of nature.
 * They believed when a spirit died, it continued living in a different world. (the spirit world)
 * The only people who had power to control the spirits were the religious leaders called the Shamans.


 * The Subartic has many different beliefs because theres many different tribes.
 * The Hero was the first person to become powerful to most of the Subartic people.

ARTTIC AND SUBARTIC FOOD


 * The Inuit were mainly hunters, and relied heavily on the animals of the Arctic as their main source of food.
 * Since very little vegetation could survive in the Arctic climate, the Inuit could not depend solely on plants for food.
 * Obtaining food was an important and essential ritual for the Subarctic peoples.
 * The subarctic people often hunted moose, caribou, hare, musk oxen, bear and elk, as well as waterfowl and fish.

ARTIC AND SUBARTIC FAMILY


 * Family groups were the most important social unit in Inuit culture.
 * They usually lived in family groups of around 5-6 people.
 * Then each family would live and hunt together with 6-10 other families.
 * Marriage was important for the Inuit people. Some marriages were arranged, but most were by choice.
 * There was an obvious division of labour in a marriage:
 * Men: built the houses, hunted, and fished
 * Women: cooked, dressed the animal skins, made clothing, and looked after the children.
 * The family unit was highly valued among the subarctic peoples.
 * Each family was independent, but usually grouped with another family for hunting and ceremony purposes.
 * Gwich’in households housed two same-sex siblings (two sisters, two brothers) who lived together with their immediate families (spouse, children).

ARTIC AND SUBARTIC LEADERSHIP People who had leadership abilities and took the initiative for trading, war or communal hunting were followed because they were good at what they did, or they had wisdom, or spiritual power.
 * The Inuit lived in smaller family groups with no real leader or Chief, unlike other First Peoples groups in Canada.

**Questions**
 * 1)  What did the Inuit people believe in? Animism.
 * 2)  How many people usually lived in family groups? 5-6 people
 * 3)  Which region had a leader, Artic or Subartic? Subartic
 * 4)  What kind of houses did the Subartic people make? Lean-tos and pit houses.
 * 5)  TRUE/FALSE: Artic region people believed in the spirit world? true.

**Citations** Geographic Guide: [] Canada's First Peoples: [] Canada's First Peoples: []